Natural Law School (Natural Law Theory)
Topic:
Natural Law School (School of Jurisprudence)
Meaning / Definition
Natural Law ka simple meaning hai:
Law jo nature / God / reason se aata hai
Jo law human-made law se bhi upar hota hai.
Easy line:
Natural Law = Higher Law (Superior to State law)
Points
(A) Main Idea:
Natural Law theory bolti hai:
Kuch laws aise hote hain jo universal hote hain. Ye laws har jagah same hote hain. Ye laws human dignity, morality and justice par based hote hain.
B) Key Features - Characteristics:
Law is linked with Morality
Natural law bolta hai:
Unjust law is not a real law.
Universal Nature:
Ye laws country pe depend nahi karte.
Based on Reason:
Human reasoning se bhi natural law samjha ja sakta hai.
Higher than State-made law:
Agar state ka law immoral ho, toh natural law usse reject karta hai.
(C) Types / Stages of Natural Law:
Natural law ko generally 3 stages mein samjhte hain
Ancient Natural Law:
Greek thinkers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle).
Nature ke rules = justice.
Medieval Natural Law:
Church + God based.
St. Thomas Aquinas famous.
Modern Natural Law:
Reason + Human Rights based.
Locke, Rousseau etc.
D) Important Thinkers:
Aristotle:
Natural justice ka concept
Cicero:
True law is right reason in agreement with nature.
St. Thomas Aquinas:
Law = Reason + God’s order
John Locke:
Natural rights: Life, Liberty, Property
E) Natural Law and Human Rights:
Natural law ka modern form aaj ke time mein dikhta hai:
Right to life.
Right to liberty.
Equality.
Human dignity
Isliye Natural law ka relation Fundamental Rights se bhi strong hai.
Example
Agar Government ek aisa law bana de:
Certain caste/religion ko education nahi milega
Toh Natural law school bolega:
Ye law immoral hai.
Ye justice ke against hai.
Isliye ye “real law” nahi hona chahiye
Conclusion
Natural Law School ka main focus hai:
Law + Morality.
Justice above everything.
Human rights and dignity.
Natural law bolta hai:
A law which is unjust is not a true law.
