Jurisprudence (Legal Theory) = Law ki theory ya science, jo law ke meaning, nature, purpose aur sources ko study karti hai.
Jurisprudence (Legal Theory)
Jurisprudence ka matlab hota hai:
Law ka theoretical study.
Isme hum law ke:
meaning, nature, sources, types and purpose ko simple way me samajhte hain.
Jurisprudence (Legal Theory)
Jurisprudence ka matlab hota hai:
law ka scientific study law ke meaning, nature, principles aur purpose ko samajhna.
Law kya hota hai? (Quick Revision)
Meaning:
Law ka matlab hota hai:
Rules ka ek set jo State banati hai, taaki society me order aur justice maintain rahe.
Main Purpose of Law:
Peace maintain karna.
Wrong acts ko control karna.
Rights protect karna.
Justice dena.
Note:
Law sirf punishment nahi hota.
Law ka main goal hota hai justice + discipline.
Sources of Law (Meaning)
Source of law ka simple meaning:
Law kahan se aata hai / law ka origin kya hai.
Matlab:
Law society me different jagah se develop hota hai unhi jagah ko sources of law bolte hain.
Main Types of Sources of Law
Generally sources 2 type ke hote hain
Formal Sources:
Wo sources jo State officially accept karti hai.
Material Sources:
Wo sources jo society me law banne me help karte hain.
Important Sources of Law (Detailed)
Legislation (Sabse Important Source)
Legislation ka matlab:
Parliament / Legislature ke dwara banaya gaya law.
Examples:
Constitution of India.
IPC (Indian Penal Code).
CrPC (Code of Criminal Procedure).
Hindu Marriage Act.
Importance:
Written hota hai.
Clear hota hai.
Easy to enforce hota hai.
Time ke saath update ho sakta hai.
Custom (Sabse Old Source)
Custom ka matlab:
Society me long time se follow ki ja rahi practice jo law ki tarah accept ho jaye.
Examples:
Marriage customs.
Tribal property customs.
Village traditions.
Valid Custom banne ki Conditions
Custom tabhi law banega jab wo:
Ancient (bahut purana).
Certain (clear aur fixed).
Reasonable (logical).
Continuous (lagatar follow hota ho).
Not against morality.
Not against public policy.
Note:
Agar custom unfair ya illegal ho, court usko reject kar deti hai.
Judicial Precedent (Judge-made Law)
Judicial precedent ka matlab:
Courts ke past decisions jo future cases me follow kiye jaate hain.
Example:
Agar Supreme Court ne koi judgment diya hai, toh High Court aur lower courts ko follow karna padta hai.
Doctrine: Stare Decisis
Meaning:
Past decisions ko follow karo.
Isse law me:
Stability.
Uniformity.
Predictability.
maintain hoti hai.
Religion & Morality (Indirect Source)
Religion aur morality bhi law ko influence karte hain.
Examples:
Hindu law.
Muslim personal law.
Christian marriage law.
Note:
India me final authority Constitution of India hai, religion nahi.
International Law (Modern Source)
International law ka matlab:
UN, treaties aur international agreements ka influence.
Examples:
Human rights laws.
Environmental treaties.
Child rights conventions.
Note:
Courts kabhi kabhi international law use kar leti hain agar Indian law silent ho.
Types / Kinds of Law
Criminal Law:
Criminal law deal karta hai:
Crimes against society
Examples:
Murder.
Theft.
Rape.
Cheating.
Punishment:
Jail.
Fine.
Both.
Civil Law:
Civil law deal karta hai:
Private rights aur disputes between individuals.
Examples:
Property dispute.
Divorce.
Contract breach.
Money recovery.
Remedy:
Compensation.
Injunction.
Court order.
Substantive Law
Substantive law ka matlab:
Rights aur duties define karna
Examples:
IPC defines crimes.
Contract Act defines agreements.
Procedural Law
Procedural law ka matlab:
Court me case kaise chalega
Examples:
CrPC.
CPC.
Simple Trick:
Substantive = “Kya law hai”
Procedural = “Law apply kaise hoga”
Public Law
Public law deal karta hai:
State aur citizens ke beech relation
Examples:
Constitutional law.
Administrative law.
Criminal law.
Private Law
Private law deal karta hai:
Individuals ke beech relation
Examples:
Family law.
Contract law.
Tort law.
Short Notes (1 Line Revision)
Legislation: Parliament ke dwara banaya gaya law
Custom:
Long time se follow ho raha practice jo law ban jata hai.
Precedent: Court ka past decision jo future cases me follow hota hai.
Substantive Law: Rights aur duties define karta hai.
Procedural Law: Court procedure batata hai.
Important Questions (Practice)
Sources of law define karo.
Legislation ko source of law ke roop me explain karo.
Valid custom ki conditions kya hain?
Judicial precedent kya hota hai? Stare decisis explain karo.
Civil aur criminal law me difference.
Substantive aur procedural law me difference.
Summary
Law kahan se aata hai (sources).
Law ke types kya hote hain (kinds).
Quick Revision (1 Minute)
Law:
Law = State ke banaye rules jo society me order + justice maintain karte hain.
Sources of Law (1 Line Each):
Legislation:
Parliament/Legislature ke dwara banaya gaya written law.
Custom:
Long time se follow hota practice jo law ban jata hai.
Judicial Precedent:
Courts ke past decisions jo future cases me follow hote hain.
Religion & Morality:
Indirectly law ko influence karta hai (but Constitution supreme).
International Law:
Treaties/UN conventions ka influence (jab Indian law silent ho).
Types of Law (1 Line Each)
Criminal Law:
Society ke against crimes (punishment: jail/fine)
Civil Law:
Individuals ke disputes (remedy: compensation/injunction)
Substantive Law:
Rights & duties define karta hai.
Procedural Law:
Case ka procedure batata hai.
Public Law:
State vs citizens relation.
Private Law:
Individuals ke beech relation.
Exam Trick
Substantive = “Kya law hai”
Procedural = “Law apply kaise hoga”
Civil = “Right/compensation”
Criminal = “Crime/punishment”
Revision
Exam se pehle sirf ye 3 cheeze yaad rakho:
Law ka meaning + purpose.
Sources of law.
Types of law.
