India’s journey to freedom and self-rule is long and inspiring. Two important dates in this journey are 15 August and 26 January. Many students wonder why 26 January is so important and what happened on this day.
First Declaration of Independence – 26 January 1930
On 26 January 1930, Indian leaders declared Purna Swaraj, which means complete independence. This declaration was made by the Indian National Congress during the freedom movement.
At that time, India was still under British rule, but this declaration clearly stated that Indians wanted full freedom, not partial self-government. To remember this historic decision, 26 January was celebrated as Independence Day every year from 1930 to 1947.
India Becomes Free – 15 August 1947
After years of struggle and sacrifice, India finally became free from British rule on 15 August 1947. This day is now celebrated every year as Independence Day, marking the end of foreign rule in India.
However, even after independence, India did not yet have its own permanent constitution.
Making of the Indian Constitution
The Constitution of India was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, under the leadership of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
The Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949, it came into force on 26 January 1950
Why 26 January Was Chosen
The date 26 January was chosen to implement the Constitution to honor the historic declaration of independence made on 26 January 1930. By doing this, India connected its dream of freedom with its achievement of self-rule.
On 26 January 1950, India became a Republic, meaning the country would be governed by its own laws, and the head of the nation would be elected, not a king or foreign ruler.
Conclusion
26 January 1930:
First declaration of complete independence (Purna Swaraj)
15 August 1947:
India gained freedom from British rule
26 January 1950:
Constitution came into force; India became a Republic
That is why 26 January is celebrated as Republic Day, a day that reminds us of our struggle for freedom and the importance of our Constitution.
